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Value Judgement - a subjective opinion based on an individual's attitudes, beliefs and values rather than on any objective criteria.

Social Realism - the representation of characters and issues in film and television drama in such a way as to raise serious underlying social and political issues.
- the films are usually shot in a naturalistic way, avoiding the use of sophisticated editing and treatments and sometimes giving the impression that the camera is simply recording the events as they take place. There is often little use of non-diegetic sound.

Science Fiction - a film genre involving a futuristic or alien world setting, and technologies not available in the contemporary world.
-The first film in the genre was Metropolis (Fritz Lang, 19270. The futuristic writings of H. G. Wells provided screenplays for Things to come (William Cameron Menzies, 1936) and The war of the worlds (Byron Haskin, 1954) and its remake, war of the worlds (Steven Spielberg, 2005)
- The imaginary future often has a dystopian setting or reflects current fears and phobias such as alien or foreign invasion (Independence day, Roland Emmerich, 1996) technological Nightmares (The Terminator, James Cameron, 1984), or ecological disaster (Waterworld, Kevin Reynolds, 1995). The genre is equally adaptable to the mystical and mysterious (2001: A space Odyssey, Stanely Kubrick, 1968) and to fairy-tale fantasy narrative (Star Wars, George Lucas, 1977) and horror (Alien, Ridley Scott, 1979).

Preferred Reading - the meaning of a text as intended by the author.
- The term is associated with the works of Stuart Hall and David Morley and the view that texts can have open or various meanings or closed, restricted meanings depending on their origin, intention and complexity. Readers, however can always interpret texts in line with their own attitudes, beliefs and values.
- Preferred readings are often in line with dominant ideology, but resistance to this can genrate negotiated or oppositional readings (reception theory).

Oppositional Reading (also known as 'aberrant decoding') - a reading of a media text that rejects the ideological positioning and apparent mening intended by the producers of the text and substitutes a redical alternative.
- The term, along with negotiated reading and dominant reding, is part of Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding model (Reception theory).